stdClass Object ( [id] => 1184591 [title] => Problem održavanja smjera torpeda dugo je mučio inženjere, tek je sa žiroskopom to moćno oružje dobilo na preciznosti [alias] => torpedo-je-tek-sa-ziroskopom-dobio-na-preciznosti-problem-odrzavanja-smjera-dugo-je-mucio-inzenjere [catid] => 420 [published] => 1 [introtext] => [fulltext] =>

Ivan Lupis, točnije Ivan Blaž Lupis, a u nekim dokumentima naveden kao Ioannem Blasium Ignatium Lupis ili Giovanni Luppis, po hrvatskom prijevodu prezimena negdje se vodi i kao Ivan Vukić.

Nakon što je za svoje zasluge od cara Franje Josipa 1869. godine dobio plemićku titulu zvao se Giovanni Biagio Luppis Ritter von Rammer. Rođen je u Rijeci u obitelji peljeških pomoraca, školovao se u Rijeci i Veneciji, a radni vijek proveo kao časnik na brodovima Austrougarske mornarice, dosegnuvši do čina kapetana fregate.

Polovinom 19. stoljeća osmislio je novo oružje spasioca obale, brodicu bez posade natovarenu eksplozivom kojom se s veće udaljenosti mogao napasti neprijateljski brod, preteču torpeda.

Prvotna ideja bila je da se brodicom upravlja konopima s obale, a s vremenom je tu ideju unaprijedio i izradio više prototipa. Novo oružje predstavio je caru Franji Josipu 1860. godine i premda je demonstracija bila uspješna, Austrougarska mornarica novo oružje nije prihvatila.

Podvodno oružje

Sljedeće godine je umirovljen i vraća se u Rijeku gdje je nastavio s radom na ovom projektu. Upoznaje britanskog inženjera Roberta Whiteheada s kojim nastavlja suradnju na razvoju novog oružja. Ranija ideja o brodici je napuštena i prešlo se na razradu podvodnog oružja, a prvi put pokusno je ispaljeno 1866. godine.

Međutim, premda ga je komisija ratne mornarice prihvatila i serijska proizvodnja započela 1868. godine, novo je oružje imalo dva glavna problema, održavanje dubine i održavanje smjera.

Problem s plovidbom na zadanoj dubini Whitehead je uspješno riješio izradom dubinske sprave torpeda, smatrajući je najvećom inovacijom i nazvavši je tajna, ali održavanje smjera i dalje je ostao problem.

Rješenje se tražilo u žiroskopu, pa iako su prvi uređaji sa žiroskopskim svojstvima proizvedeni još u prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća niz izumitelja pokušao je prona rješenje za torpedo, ali bez većeg uspjeha.

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image

Zbirka torpeda u Hrvatskom pomorskom muzeju Split

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Prvi uspješan uređaj za održavanje smjera bio je žiroskop koji je 1894. godine patentirao tršćanski inženjer Lodovico (Ludwig) Obry. Iste godine ponudio ga je Whiteheadu koji ipak odbija kupiti licencu jer je njegov sin John tada radio na vlastitom prototipu. Obryev žiroskop prihvaća Talijanska ratna mornarica 1895. godine te ga on nastavlja usavršavati.

Razvoj žiroskopa

John Whitehead je još kao dvanaestogodišnjak ocu pomagao u počecima razvoja torpeda. Završio je Visoku tehničku školu u Zürichu te je postao tehnički direktor očeve tvornice torpeda i s vremenom jedan od njegovih najvažnijih suradnika. Kontinuirano se bavio raznim istraživanjima, a posebno inovacijama za poboljšanje funkcionalnosti torpeda.

Tijekom 1890-ih fokusirao se na razvoj žiroskopa, prvo je pokušao usavršiti jedan ruski predložak no naposlijetku je od toga odustao i razvijao svoj izum.

Jedan od prototipova u tom razvoju iz 1894./1895. godine čuvao se nekada u kućnom muzeju tvornice Whitehead, nažalost danas u cijelosti poznat samo s fotografije iz knjige La Storia del siluro 1860.-1936. objavljenoj 1936. godine u Genovi. Jedan element tog truda Johna Whiteheada ipak je sačuvan u fundusu Hrvatskog pomorskog muzeja Split.

Budući da Johnov projekt naposlijetku ipak nije rezultirao uspjehom, 1897. godine Robert Whitehead prihvaća ponudu Ludovica Obrya.

Time počinje ugradnja žiroskopa u Whiteheadova torpeda koje po licenci sam izrađuje u riječkoj tvornici no i dodatno ih usavršava tako su od 1900. godine dodani uređaji koji su omogućavali promjenu smjera više puta tijekom plovidbe torpeda prema cilju, a jedan od usavršenih žiroskopa iz 1902. godine također je dio fundusa Hrvatskog pomorskog muzeja Split.

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image

Smjerni ravnač torpeda TR 53/IV iz 1960. godine

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Za Otvoreno more pišu Tonka Alujević i Edo Šegvić, na pitanja čitatelja odgovara Alen Soldo. Pogledajte i predivne galerije Srđana Vrančića koji snima vrhunske podvodne fotografije, a na njima su najčešće tropske ribe i ostale egzotične morske životinje. 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Smjerni ravnač torpeda iz 1902. godine

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Smjerni ravnač torpeda TR 53/IV iz 1960. godine

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Zbirka torpeda u Hrvatskom pomorskom muzeju Split

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Ivan Lupis, točnije Ivan Blaž Lupis, a u nekim dokumentima naveden kao Ioannem Blasium Ignatium Lupis ili Giovanni Luppis, po hrvatskom prijevodu prezimena negdje se vodi i kao Ivan Vukić.

Nakon što je za svoje zasluge od cara Franje Josipa 1869. godine dobio plemićku titulu zvao se Giovanni Biagio Luppis Ritter von Rammer. Rođen je u Rijeci u obitelji peljeških pomoraca, školovao se u Rijeci i Veneciji, a radni vijek proveo kao časnik na brodovima Austrougarske mornarice, dosegnuvši do čina kapetana fregate.

Polovinom 19. stoljeća osmislio je novo oružje spasioca obale, brodicu bez posade natovarenu eksplozivom kojom se s veće udaljenosti mogao napasti neprijateljski brod, preteču torpeda.

Prvotna ideja bila je da se brodicom upravlja konopima s obale, a s vremenom je tu ideju unaprijedio i izradio više prototipa. Novo oružje predstavio je caru Franji Josipu 1860. godine i premda je demonstracija bila uspješna, Austrougarska mornarica novo oružje nije prihvatila.

Podvodno oružje

Sljedeće godine je umirovljen i vraća se u Rijeku gdje je nastavio s radom na ovom projektu. Upoznaje britanskog inženjera Roberta Whiteheada s kojim nastavlja suradnju na razvoju novog oružja. Ranija ideja o brodici je napuštena i prešlo se na razradu podvodnog oružja, a prvi put pokusno je ispaljeno 1866. godine.

Međutim, premda ga je komisija ratne mornarice prihvatila i serijska proizvodnja započela 1868. godine, novo je oružje imalo dva glavna problema, održavanje dubine i održavanje smjera.

Problem s plovidbom na zadanoj dubini Whitehead je uspješno riješio izradom dubinske sprave torpeda, smatrajući je najvećom inovacijom i nazvavši je tajna, ali održavanje smjera i dalje je ostao problem.

Rješenje se tražilo u žiroskopu, pa iako su prvi uređaji sa žiroskopskim svojstvima proizvedeni još u prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća niz izumitelja pokušao je prona rješenje za torpedo, ali bez većeg uspjeha.

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Zbirka torpeda u Hrvatskom pomorskom muzeju Split

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Prvi uspješan uređaj za održavanje smjera bio je žiroskop koji je 1894. godine patentirao tršćanski inženjer Lodovico (Ludwig) Obry. Iste godine ponudio ga je Whiteheadu koji ipak odbija kupiti licencu jer je njegov sin John tada radio na vlastitom prototipu. Obryev žiroskop prihvaća Talijanska ratna mornarica 1895. godine te ga on nastavlja usavršavati.

Razvoj žiroskopa

John Whitehead je još kao dvanaestogodišnjak ocu pomagao u počecima razvoja torpeda. Završio je Visoku tehničku školu u Zürichu te je postao tehnički direktor očeve tvornice torpeda i s vremenom jedan od njegovih najvažnijih suradnika. Kontinuirano se bavio raznim istraživanjima, a posebno inovacijama za poboljšanje funkcionalnosti torpeda.

Tijekom 1890-ih fokusirao se na razvoj žiroskopa, prvo je pokušao usavršiti jedan ruski predložak no naposlijetku je od toga odustao i razvijao svoj izum.

Jedan od prototipova u tom razvoju iz 1894./1895. godine čuvao se nekada u kućnom muzeju tvornice Whitehead, nažalost danas u cijelosti poznat samo s fotografije iz knjige La Storia del siluro 1860.-1936. objavljenoj 1936. godine u Genovi. Jedan element tog truda Johna Whiteheada ipak je sačuvan u fundusu Hrvatskog pomorskog muzeja Split.

Budući da Johnov projekt naposlijetku ipak nije rezultirao uspjehom, 1897. godine Robert Whitehead prihvaća ponudu Ludovica Obrya.

Time počinje ugradnja žiroskopa u Whiteheadova torpeda koje po licenci sam izrađuje u riječkoj tvornici no i dodatno ih usavršava tako su od 1900. godine dodani uređaji koji su omogućavali promjenu smjera više puta tijekom plovidbe torpeda prema cilju, a jedan od usavršenih žiroskopa iz 1902. godine također je dio fundusa Hrvatskog pomorskog muzeja Split.

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Smjerni ravnač torpeda TR 53/IV iz 1960. godine

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Božidar Vukičević/Cropix Božidar Vukičević/Cropix Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
Božidar Vukičević/Cropix

Smjerni ravnač torpeda iz 1902. godine

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix

Smjerni ravnač torpeda TR 53/IV iz 1960. godine

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix

Zbirka torpeda u Hrvatskom pomorskom muzeju Split

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StoryEditorOCM

priče iz muzejaProblem održavanja smjera torpeda dugo je mučio inženjere, tek je sa žiroskopom to moćno oružje dobilo na preciznosti

Piše Damir Višić
16. travnja 2022. - 08:08

Ivan Lupis, točnije Ivan Blaž Lupis, a u nekim dokumentima naveden kao Ioannem Blasium Ignatium Lupis ili Giovanni Luppis, po hrvatskom prijevodu prezimena negdje se vodi i kao Ivan Vukić.

Nakon što je za svoje zasluge od cara Franje Josipa 1869. godine dobio plemićku titulu zvao se Giovanni Biagio Luppis Ritter von Rammer. Rođen je u Rijeci u obitelji peljeških pomoraca, školovao se u Rijeci i Veneciji, a radni vijek proveo kao časnik na brodovima Austrougarske mornarice, dosegnuvši do čina kapetana fregate.

Polovinom 19. stoljeća osmislio je novo oružje spasioca obale, brodicu bez posade natovarenu eksplozivom kojom se s veće udaljenosti mogao napasti neprijateljski brod, preteču torpeda.

Prvotna ideja bila je da se brodicom upravlja konopima s obale, a s vremenom je tu id...

14. svibanj 2024 11:02