SD Dojavi Slobodna Dalmacija
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Prije nekoliko godina povoljno sam nabavio set elektroničke navigacijske opreme koju sam ugradio na svoju jedrilicu od 48 stopa. Lani sam promijenio i akumulatore, međutim, već početkom ljeta neki od ovih instrumenata počeli su se povremeno gasiti. Dok su uključeni rade besprijekorno, ali ponekad se jednostavno sami isključe, bez nekog pravila. Gdje da tražim problem?

Siniša B., Novigrad

​Kako ranije niste imali ovih problema, pretpostavljam da vam je spomenute instrumente ugradila neka stručna osoba koja je to učinila po pravilima struke. Ovo se prvenstveno odnosi na promjer vodiča s obzirom na udaljenost od izvora napajanja. Nove baterije pretpostavljaju da ni s izvorom napajanja nemate nikakvih problema.

Dodatni uređaj

Jedan od problema može biti neki od električnih uređaja koji ste naknadno, lani ili preklani, ugradili na isti priključak na kojem su i instrumenti. Sva elektronska oprema predviđena je za rad unutar određenog raspona napona, a ovako spojen dodatni uređaj sada može instrumentima koji su ranije ugrađeni smanjiti napajanje. Dovodi za napajanje instrumenata i do sada su imali nekakav otpor, ovisan je o promjeru i dužini vodiča, ali je i uz taj pad napon na instrumentu bio unutar predviđenog raspona. Sada su možda upravo na kritičnoj granici i gase vaš instrument. To se može izmjeriti jednostavnim voltmetrom, a otpor vodiča smanjiti ugradnjom novog većega promjera.

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image

Volmetar će pokazati pad napona

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Pad napona na vodičima za priključak na glavnu razvodnu ploču, kaljužne pumpe, navigacijska svjetla i ostalu osnovnu sigurnosnu opremu ne bi trebao padati ispod 3 posto, a na ostalim uređajima ispod 10 posto. Dakle, ukoliko je napon baterije 12,5 V, napon na sigurnosnoj opremi ne bi trebao biti ispod 12,1 V, a na ostalim potrošačima ispod 11,25 V.

Visoka temperatura, kao na primjer za vodiče u strojarnici, također može biti razlog pada napona. Malo je vjerojatno da vam je stručna osoba provukla kabele za instrumente kroz strojarnicu, ipak, ako je, pokušajte ih izvući izvan strojarnice.

Ipak, uzrok najčešćih problema kod električnih instalacija na plovilima su slabi spojevi. Nekad je to sama dodirna površina kontakta, a ponekad i slab spoj stopice sa žicom.

Patina stvara opor

Kontakti izloženi vlazi podložni su oksidaciji, stvarajući patinu koja je slabije vodljiva i koja povećava otpor. Tako na ovim pozicijama može doći do prekida strujnog kruga, a u gorem scenariju i do požara. Naime, jakost struje, amperaža na slabom spoju raste, možda ne dovoljno da pregori osigurač, ali zagrijava vodič, njegovu izolaciju i okolni prostor. U određenim okolnostima to može izazvati požar.

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image

Pojavi li se oksidacija na spojevima ili u vodičima, otpor će rasti a napon padati

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Ovaj problem može se javljati i na kabelima koji se sada ugrađuju na plovila, a koji su neko vrijeme bili potopljeni. S vremenom, ali ne uvijek i na samom spoju, žice unutar kabela oksidiraju, čak se i raspadaju. Stoga je preporuka da se sva ožičenja koja su bila potopljena ili periodično kontroliraju ili kompletno zamijene. Ranije, kada su se na plovila ugrađivali isključivo kositreni kabeli, ovakvih problema nije bilo.

Dobra je navika povremeno kontrolirati sve električne spojeve na plovilu, pa tako i kontakte vaših instrumenata. Golim okom se to ne može uvijek uočiti, naročito kada je oksidacija tek u začetku, ali ultraljubičasta svjetiljka će je vrlo jasno zabijeliti. Naravno, to treba raditi noću ili prostor koji kontrolirate trebate dobro zamračiti. Pronađene anomalije uklonite i kod ponovne montaže spoj dodatno zaštitite korištenjem kontakt masti ili kontakt spreja.

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Čitajte sve o jedrenju, đitama po Jadranu, brodovima na struju, brodskim motorima i popravku broda. Učimo vas kako održavati brod. 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Kablovi moraju imati adekvatan promjer i biti bez tragova korozije

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Kablovi moraju imati adekvatan promjer i biti bez tragova korozije

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Pojavi li se oksidacija na spojevima ili u vodičima, otpor će rasti a napon padati

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Volmetar će pokazati pad napona

 Božidar Vukičević/Cropix ) ) [bgPosition] => [text] => {OCMSplitter}

Prije nekoliko godina povoljno sam nabavio set elektroničke navigacijske opreme koju sam ugradio na svoju jedrilicu od 48 stopa. Lani sam promijenio i akumulatore, međutim, već početkom ljeta neki od ovih instrumenata počeli su se povremeno gasiti. Dok su uključeni rade besprijekorno, ali ponekad se jednostavno sami isključe, bez nekog pravila. Gdje da tražim problem?

Siniša B., Novigrad

​Kako ranije niste imali ovih problema, pretpostavljam da vam je spomenute instrumente ugradila neka stručna osoba koja je to učinila po pravilima struke. Ovo se prvenstveno odnosi na promjer vodiča s obzirom na udaljenost od izvora napajanja. Nove baterije pretpostavljaju da ni s izvorom napajanja nemate nikakvih problema.

Dodatni uređaj

Jedan od problema može biti neki od električnih uređaja koji ste naknadno, lani ili preklani, ugradili na isti priključak na kojem su i instrumenti. Sva elektronska oprema predviđena je za rad unutar određenog raspona napona, a ovako spojen dodatni uređaj sada može instrumentima koji su ranije ugrađeni smanjiti napajanje. Dovodi za napajanje instrumenata i do sada su imali nekakav otpor, ovisan je o promjeru i dužini vodiča, ali je i uz taj pad napon na instrumentu bio unutar predviđenog raspona. Sada su možda upravo na kritičnoj granici i gase vaš instrument. To se može izmjeriti jednostavnim voltmetrom, a otpor vodiča smanjiti ugradnjom novog većega promjera.

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Volmetar će pokazati pad napona

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Pad napona na vodičima za priključak na glavnu razvodnu ploču, kaljužne pumpe, navigacijska svjetla i ostalu osnovnu sigurnosnu opremu ne bi trebao padati ispod 3 posto, a na ostalim uređajima ispod 10 posto. Dakle, ukoliko je napon baterije 12,5 V, napon na sigurnosnoj opremi ne bi trebao biti ispod 12,1 V, a na ostalim potrošačima ispod 11,25 V.

Visoka temperatura, kao na primjer za vodiče u strojarnici, također može biti razlog pada napona. Malo je vjerojatno da vam je stručna osoba provukla kabele za instrumente kroz strojarnicu, ipak, ako je, pokušajte ih izvući izvan strojarnice.

Ipak, uzrok najčešćih problema kod električnih instalacija na plovilima su slabi spojevi. Nekad je to sama dodirna površina kontakta, a ponekad i slab spoj stopice sa žicom.

Patina stvara opor

Kontakti izloženi vlazi podložni su oksidaciji, stvarajući patinu koja je slabije vodljiva i koja povećava otpor. Tako na ovim pozicijama može doći do prekida strujnog kruga, a u gorem scenariju i do požara. Naime, jakost struje, amperaža na slabom spoju raste, možda ne dovoljno da pregori osigurač, ali zagrijava vodič, njegovu izolaciju i okolni prostor. U određenim okolnostima to može izazvati požar.

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Pojavi li se oksidacija na spojevima ili u vodičima, otpor će rasti a napon padati

Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Ovaj problem može se javljati i na kabelima koji se sada ugrađuju na plovila, a koji su neko vrijeme bili potopljeni. S vremenom, ali ne uvijek i na samom spoju, žice unutar kabela oksidiraju, čak se i raspadaju. Stoga je preporuka da se sva ožičenja koja su bila potopljena ili periodično kontroliraju ili kompletno zamijene. Ranije, kada su se na plovila ugrađivali isključivo kositreni kabeli, ovakvih problema nije bilo.

Dobra je navika povremeno kontrolirati sve električne spojeve na plovilu, pa tako i kontakte vaših instrumenata. Golim okom se to ne može uvijek uočiti, naročito kada je oksidacija tek u začetku, ali ultraljubičasta svjetiljka će je vrlo jasno zabijeliti. Naravno, to treba raditi noću ili prostor koji kontrolirate trebate dobro zamračiti. Pronađene anomalije uklonite i kod ponovne montaže spoj dodatno zaštitite korištenjem kontakt masti ili kontakt spreja.

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Cropix Božidar Vukičević/Cropix Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
Cropix

Kablovi moraju imati adekvatan promjer i biti bez tragova korozije
Božidar Vukičević/Cropix

Pojavi li se oksidacija na spojevima ili u vodičima, otpor će rasti a napon padati
Božidar Vukičević/Cropix

Volmetar će pokazati pad napona
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Nautika

nautički savjetnik‘Zašto mi se instrumenti sami isključuju?!‘: ovo su najčešći uzroci gašenja elektronike na brodu

Piše Damir Višić, sudski vještak za nautiku
1. svibnja 2024. - 09:31
&lt;p&gt;Kablovi moraju imati adekvatan promjer i biti bez tragova korozije&lt;/p&gt;
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Kablovi moraju imati adekvatan promjer i biti bez tragova korozijeCropix

Prije nekoliko godina povoljno sam nabavio set elektroničke navigacijske opreme koju sam ugradio na svoju jedrilicu od 48 stopa. Lani sam promijenio i akumulatore, međutim, već početkom ljeta neki od ovih instrumenata počeli su se povremeno gasiti. Dok su uključeni rade besprijekorno, ali ponekad se jednostavno sami isključe, bez nekog pravila. Gdje da tražim problem?

Siniša B., Novigrad

​Kako ranije niste imali ovih problema, pretpostavljam da vam je spomenute instrumente ugradila neka stručna osoba koja je to učinila po pravilima struke. Ovo se prvenstveno odnosi na promjer vodiča s obzirom na udaljenost od izvora napajanja. Nove baterije pretpostavljaju da ni s izvorom napajanja nemate nikakvih problema.

Dodatni uređaj

Jedan od problema može biti neki od električnih uređaj...

#NAUTIČKI SAVJETNIK#DAMIR VIŠIĆ#ELEKTRONIKA NA BRODU#UZROCI GAŠENJA ELEKTRONIKE #KOROZIJA NA BRODU
15. svibanj 2024 18:36