SD Dojavi
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PRETPLATA
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Delta-varijanta novog koronavirusa zaraznija je od prethodnih. Dapače, često će se uz nju spominje i pridjev “hiperzarazna”. Dosadašnje su studije utvrdile da se radi o zaraznosti većoj za 40 posto od alfa-varijante. Niz studija upućuje na to da je razlog zaraznosti ovog soja virusa SARS-CoV-2 mutacija samo jedne aminokiseline - piše Večernji list.

Pei-Yong Shi, virolog sa Sveučilišta Texas, sa svojom znanstvenom grupom jedan je od onih stručnjaka koji je utvrdio koja bi to točno mutacija mogla biti razlogom veće zaraznosti delte te je studiju o tome objavio na platformi bioArxiv. Ta mutacija, kako navodi i za časopis Nature, mijenja samo jednu aminokiselinu u proteinu šiljastog nastavka koronavirusa SARS-CoV-2. Ta mutacija označena je kao P681R.

Slična promjena sekvence primijećena je i prije na virusima poput influence gdje također izaziva povišenu infektivnost. Ali do sada nije primijećena u sarbecovirusima, obitelj koronavirusa u koje spada SARSCoV-2.

– Ta ključna promjena sekvence omogućuje da se virusni spike protein brže i efikasnije procesira pomoću naših enzima. To procesiranje je ključno jer virus može inficirati naše stanice samo kada spike protein “sazrije”. U slučaju delta-varijante to sazrijevanje se događa čim novi virus izađe iz inficirane stanice dok je kod drugih varijanti to procesiranje moguće tek kad se virus veže na receptor.

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Alexei Danichev/AFP
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– Na neki način delta-varijanta nosi promjenu koja joj omogućuje da se novonastali virus aktivira neposredno nakon produkcije, dakle odmah je “naoružan” karakteristikama koje mu omogućuju da se veže na receptor i inficira naše stanice. To su, naravno, loše vijesti jer pokazuju da svaka promjena na SARS-CoV-2 koja ga čini infektivnijim odmah uzrokuje da ta varijanta preraste sve ostale varijante i ljudi se kontinuirano suočavaju sa sve “agresivnijim” virusom. Ako se tako nastavi prije ili kasnije će se cijela populacija zaraziti.

Cjepivo pomaže

Na sreću, pokazalo se da cjepivo, barem na neko vrijeme, pomaže i protiv delta-varijante i u većini slučajeva sprečava teške oblike bolesti, rekao nam je prof. dr. sc. Nenad Ban, molekularni biolog. P681R samo je jedna od četiri bitne mutacije kod delta-varijante, no nekoliko je studija, uključujući ovu Shijevu, utvrdilo kako se radi upravo o ovoj mutaciji koja uzrokuje toliko višu infektivnost delta-varijante.

Također, delta nije jedina varijanta novog koronavirusa koja ima sličnu mutaciju, no kod nje je njezin učinak znatno konkretniji. Zaključak da je ova mutacija baš ona zbog koje je delta zaraznija, dobiven je u laboratoriju gdje je napravljen test djelovanja i alfa i delta-varijante kojima su zaražene istovrsne ljudske stanice, gdje je delta značajno nadmašila alfu.

No, kada je uklonjena mutacija P681R ta je prednost nestala. Iako je P681R sada jasno identificirana kao uzrok veće zaraznosti delte, znanstvenike ne bi iznenadilo da postoji još mehanizama koji to uzrokuju. Jer, i varijanta kappa koja je također prvi put prepoznata u Indiji također ima većinu istih mutacija kao i delta, uključujući P681R, no nije ni približno takvog učinka kao za sada najzarazniji soj novog koronavirusa. Moguće je kako utjecaja imaju i epidemiološki te genetski čimbenici - piše Večernji list.

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Delta-varijanta novog koronavirusa zaraznija je od prethodnih. Dapače, često će se uz nju spominje i pridjev “hiperzarazna”. Dosadašnje su studije utvrdile da se radi o zaraznosti većoj za 40 posto od alfa-varijante. Niz studija upućuje na to da je razlog zaraznosti ovog soja virusa SARS-CoV-2 mutacija samo jedne aminokiseline - piše Večernji list.

Pei-Yong Shi, virolog sa Sveučilišta Texas, sa svojom znanstvenom grupom jedan je od onih stručnjaka koji je utvrdio koja bi to točno mutacija mogla biti razlogom veće zaraznosti delte te je studiju o tome objavio na platformi bioArxiv. Ta mutacija, kako navodi i za časopis Nature, mijenja samo jednu aminokiselinu u proteinu šiljastog nastavka koronavirusa SARS-CoV-2. Ta mutacija označena je kao P681R.

Slična promjena sekvence primijećena je i prije na virusima poput influence gdje također izaziva povišenu infektivnost. Ali do sada nije primijećena u sarbecovirusima, obitelj koronavirusa u koje spada SARSCoV-2.

– Ta ključna promjena sekvence omogućuje da se virusni spike protein brže i efikasnije procesira pomoću naših enzima. To procesiranje je ključno jer virus može inficirati naše stanice samo kada spike protein “sazrije”. U slučaju delta-varijante to sazrijevanje se događa čim novi virus izađe iz inficirane stanice dok je kod drugih varijanti to procesiranje moguće tek kad se virus veže na receptor.

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Alexei Danichev/AFP
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– Na neki način delta-varijanta nosi promjenu koja joj omogućuje da se novonastali virus aktivira neposredno nakon produkcije, dakle odmah je “naoružan” karakteristikama koje mu omogućuju da se veže na receptor i inficira naše stanice. To su, naravno, loše vijesti jer pokazuju da svaka promjena na SARS-CoV-2 koja ga čini infektivnijim odmah uzrokuje da ta varijanta preraste sve ostale varijante i ljudi se kontinuirano suočavaju sa sve “agresivnijim” virusom. Ako se tako nastavi prije ili kasnije će se cijela populacija zaraziti.

Cjepivo pomaže

Na sreću, pokazalo se da cjepivo, barem na neko vrijeme, pomaže i protiv delta-varijante i u većini slučajeva sprečava teške oblike bolesti, rekao nam je prof. dr. sc. Nenad Ban, molekularni biolog. P681R samo je jedna od četiri bitne mutacije kod delta-varijante, no nekoliko je studija, uključujući ovu Shijevu, utvrdilo kako se radi upravo o ovoj mutaciji koja uzrokuje toliko višu infektivnost delta-varijante.

Također, delta nije jedina varijanta novog koronavirusa koja ima sličnu mutaciju, no kod nje je njezin učinak znatno konkretniji. Zaključak da je ova mutacija baš ona zbog koje je delta zaraznija, dobiven je u laboratoriju gdje je napravljen test djelovanja i alfa i delta-varijante kojima su zaražene istovrsne ljudske stanice, gdje je delta značajno nadmašila alfu.

No, kada je uklonjena mutacija P681R ta je prednost nestala. Iako je P681R sada jasno identificirana kao uzrok veće zaraznosti delte, znanstvenike ne bi iznenadilo da postoji još mehanizama koji to uzrokuju. Jer, i varijanta kappa koja je također prvi put prepoznata u Indiji također ima većinu istih mutacija kao i delta, uključujući P681R, no nije ni približno takvog učinka kao za sada najzarazniji soj novog koronavirusa. Moguće je kako utjecaja imaju i epidemiološki te genetski čimbenici - piše Večernji list.

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AFP Alexei Danichev/AFP
AFP
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ZdravljeP681R

Znanstvenici otkrili zbog čega je delta soj ‘hiperzarazan‘: razlog je mutacija samo jedne aminokiseline

Piše PSD
24. kolovoza 2021. - 10:03
19088306
PREMIUM
AFP

Delta-varijanta novog koronavirusa zaraznija je od prethodnih. Dapače, često će se uz nju spominje i pridjev “hiperzarazna”. Dosadašnje su studije utvrdile da se radi o zaraznosti većoj za 40 posto od alfa-varijante. Niz studija upućuje na to da je razlog zaraznosti ovog soja virusa SARS-CoV-2 mutacija samo jedne aminokiseline - piše Večernji list.

Pei-Yong Shi, virolog sa Sveučilišta Texas, sa svojom znanstvenom grupom jedan je od onih stručnjaka koji je utvrdio koja bi to točno mutacija mogla biti razlogom veće zaraznosti delte te je studiju o tome objavio na platformi bioArxiv. Ta mutacija, kako navodi i za časopis Nature, mijenja samo jednu aminokiselinu u proteinu šiljastog nastavka koronavirusa SARS-CoV-2. Ta mutacija označena je kao P681R.

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20. svibanj 2024 03:43