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[title] => Niti nakon toliko mjeseci ne znamo odakle je stigao COVID-19? Tim stručnjaka traga za odgovorima, a i dalje su najsumnjivije dvije vrste životinja
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Dok su se mnogi znanstvenici trudili da razviju što efikasnije cjepivo protiv novog koronavirusa, drugi su pokušavali odgonetnuti jednu od njegovih najvećih zagonetki - odakle je stigao. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija nedavno je okupila međunarodnu skupinu od deset znanstvenika čiji je cilj istražiti porijeklo virusa.
Oni će morati istražiti životinje koje se sumnjiče za prijenos virusa i prve zaražene pacijente.
"Želimo znati odakle potječe i učinit ćemo sve da to saznamo", kazao direktor WHO-a Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
No to nipošto ne znači da je uspjeh zajamčen. Prvi slučajevi zaraze pojavili su se u Wuhanu prije godinu dana, prije nego što su države diljem svijeta počele bilježiti broj zaraženih. "Vrijeme otkrivanja epidemije ne znači nužno da je to i početak epidemije", navodi WHO.
Mnogi istraživači iz raznih zemalja zadnjih mjeseci ukazuju na to da je zaraženih bilo i prije prosinca 2019., a svoje zaključke temelje na analizama otpadnih voda i uzoraka krvi. No za to još nema jasnih dokaza, rekao je Etienne Simon-Loriere, virolog s Pasteurova instituta u Parizu.
Da bi ustanovili obiteljsko stablo virusa znanstvenici se oslanjaju na genetičke analize.
"To bi trebalo pridonijeti boljem razumijevanju dinamike transmisije, posebno toga kako je virus evoluirao i kako su žarišta povezana prostorno i vremenski", kažu u WHO-u.
Znanstvenici znaju da je virus stigao sa životinje. "Veliko je pitanje što je dovelo do toga da 'skoči' na čovjeka", rekao je Etienne Simon-Loriere.
Glavni osumnjičenici su šišmiši, koje mnogi smtraju ishodištem virusa i "velikim rezervoarom koronavirusa", dodao je. No put do čovjeka vjerojatno nije bio izravan nego se u 'priču' uplela još jedna životinja kao posrednik.
Ljuskavac, sisavac kojega se u Kini nemilice krijumčari iz prirode, identificiran je na temelju genetičke analize kao vjerojatni nositelj virusa do ljudi, ali ta pretpostavka još nije do kraja potvrđena.
---
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Istražitelji WHO-a morat će razjasniti ovu nepoznanicu istragom mokre tržnice u Wuhanu na kojoj su se prodavale žive i divlje životinje i povezana je s mnogim prvim slučajevima zaraze. Imat će pritom mnoge tragove koje nisu imali na početku pandemije.
Simon-Loriere kaže da bi mogli tražiti životinju s receptorom virusa, proteinom ACE2, sličnim onome kakav se nalazi u ljudima. Preko tog receptora virus se 'zakači' za stanicu. Neke životinje poput nerčeva i bijelih (afričkih) tvorova imaju slične receptore kao i ljudi, dok su drugi potpuno drugačiji.
Po jednoj od teorija zavjere, u panedmiju je upleten Virološki institut u Wuhanu. Tu je ideju prihvatio i američki predsjednik Donald Trump, tvrdeći da je virus iscurio iz tamošnjeg laboratorija. Kina odbacuje takve optužbe.
Simon-Loriere kaže da se mogućnost da je virus slučajno pobjegao zasad ne može u potpunosti isključiti, no ističe da nema nikakvih dokaza po kojima ga je stvorio čovjek.
"Svi elementi njegova genoma već su viđeni u prirodi, uglavnom u šišmišjih koronavirusa", kazao je.
---
---
WHO tvrdi da je saznanje o tomu na koji je način epidemija počela "nužna za prevenciju budućih prodora u ljudsku populaciju". Ali i upozorava da je proces istraživanja kako je bolest sa životinja prešla na ljude "zagonetka koja će se godinama odgonetati".
"Ulaz novog virusa u ljudsku populaciju jedna je od najvećih zagonetki koju epidemiolog želi razmrsiti i tome se nadati", dodaje organizacija.
"Cilj je shvatiti mehanizam prijenosa i uvesti mjere za izbjegavanje pojave nekog SARS-CoVa-3, SARS-CoVa-4 i tako dalje", kaže Simon-Loriere.
WHO je još u srpnju poslao prethodnicu u Peking da položi temelje za istragu, ali još nije poznato kad će veća skupina znanstvenika moći otići u Kinu i početi s radom. WHO se nada da će to biti "u najkraćem mogućem roku".
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Dok su se mnogi znanstvenici trudili da razviju što efikasnije cjepivo protiv novog koronavirusa, drugi su pokušavali odgonetnuti jednu od njegovih najvećih zagonetki - odakle je stigao. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija nedavno je okupila međunarodnu skupinu od deset znanstvenika čiji je cilj istražiti porijeklo virusa.
Oni će morati istražiti životinje koje se sumnjiče za prijenos virusa i prve zaražene pacijente.
"Želimo znati odakle potječe i učinit ćemo sve da to saznamo", kazao direktor WHO-a Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
No to nipošto ne znači da je uspjeh zajamčen. Prvi slučajevi zaraze pojavili su se u Wuhanu prije godinu dana, prije nego što su države diljem svijeta počele bilježiti broj zaraženih. "Vrijeme otkrivanja epidemije ne znači nužno da je to i početak epidemije", navodi WHO.
Mnogi istraživači iz raznih zemalja zadnjih mjeseci ukazuju na to da je zaraženih bilo i prije prosinca 2019., a svoje zaključke temelje na analizama otpadnih voda i uzoraka krvi. No za to još nema jasnih dokaza, rekao je Etienne Simon-Loriere, virolog s Pasteurova instituta u Parizu.
Da bi ustanovili obiteljsko stablo virusa znanstvenici se oslanjaju na genetičke analize.
"To bi trebalo pridonijeti boljem razumijevanju dinamike transmisije, posebno toga kako je virus evoluirao i kako su žarišta povezana prostorno i vremenski", kažu u WHO-u.
Znanstvenici znaju da je virus stigao sa životinje. "Veliko je pitanje što je dovelo do toga da 'skoči' na čovjeka", rekao je Etienne Simon-Loriere.
Glavni osumnjičenici su šišmiši, koje mnogi smtraju ishodištem virusa i "velikim rezervoarom koronavirusa", dodao je. No put do čovjeka vjerojatno nije bio izravan nego se u 'priču' uplela još jedna životinja kao posrednik.
Ljuskavac, sisavac kojega se u Kini nemilice krijumčari iz prirode, identificiran je na temelju genetičke analize kao vjerojatni nositelj virusa do ljudi, ali ta pretpostavka još nije do kraja potvrđena.
---
---
Istražitelji WHO-a morat će razjasniti ovu nepoznanicu istragom mokre tržnice u Wuhanu na kojoj su se prodavale žive i divlje životinje i povezana je s mnogim prvim slučajevima zaraze. Imat će pritom mnoge tragove koje nisu imali na početku pandemije.
Simon-Loriere kaže da bi mogli tražiti životinju s receptorom virusa, proteinom ACE2, sličnim onome kakav se nalazi u ljudima. Preko tog receptora virus se 'zakači' za stanicu. Neke životinje poput nerčeva i bijelih (afričkih) tvorova imaju slične receptore kao i ljudi, dok su drugi potpuno drugačiji.
Po jednoj od teorija zavjere, u panedmiju je upleten Virološki institut u Wuhanu. Tu je ideju prihvatio i američki predsjednik Donald Trump, tvrdeći da je virus iscurio iz tamošnjeg laboratorija. Kina odbacuje takve optužbe.
Simon-Loriere kaže da se mogućnost da je virus slučajno pobjegao zasad ne može u potpunosti isključiti, no ističe da nema nikakvih dokaza po kojima ga je stvorio čovjek.
"Svi elementi njegova genoma već su viđeni u prirodi, uglavnom u šišmišjih koronavirusa", kazao je.
---
---
WHO tvrdi da je saznanje o tomu na koji je način epidemija počela "nužna za prevenciju budućih prodora u ljudsku populaciju". Ali i upozorava da je proces istraživanja kako je bolest sa životinja prešla na ljude "zagonetka koja će se godinama odgonetati".
"Ulaz novog virusa u ljudsku populaciju jedna je od najvećih zagonetki koju epidemiolog želi razmrsiti i tome se nadati", dodaje organizacija.
"Cilj je shvatiti mehanizam prijenosa i uvesti mjere za izbjegavanje pojave nekog SARS-CoVa-3, SARS-CoVa-4 i tako dalje", kaže Simon-Loriere.
WHO je još u srpnju poslao prethodnicu u Peking da položi temelje za istragu, ali još nije poznato kad će veća skupina znanstvenika moći otići u Kinu i početi s radom. WHO se nada da će to biti "u najkraćem mogućem roku".
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Wuhan danas živi normalnim životom. Je li sve krenulo iz tog kineskog grada?
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Kupanje u rijeci Jangce - neboderi Wuhana u pozadini. A gdje je COVID-19?
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19. svibanj 2024 12:38
