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[title] => Prije točno 99 godina prvi je pacijent dobio injekciju inzulina: evo što je tome prethodilo i kakva se borba vodila oko zasluga za njegovo otkriće
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Na današnji dan, 11. siječnja, prije točno 99 godina primijenjena je prva inzulinska injekcija na ljudskom pacijentu – tada četrnaestogodišnjem Leonardu Thompsonu.
Time je započela nova, inzulinska era, razdoblje u kojemu bolesnici sa šećernom bolešću tipa 1, barem oni do kojih je terapija stigla na vrijeme, nisu više bili osuđeni na prilično brzu smrt, smrt koja je u pravilu nastupala unutar nekoliko mjeseci, a ponekad i tjedana, od postavljanja dijagnoze.
Ovaj događaj zabilježen je kao veliki datum u povijesti medicine, a kako je do otkrića došlo, podsjetio nas je doc. dr. sc. Mladen Krnić, endokrinolog dijabetolog na Klinici na unutarnje bolesti splitskog KBC-a.
- Nešto ranije, u ljeto 1921. godine, čuveni, tada još nepoznati kanadski znanstvenik Frederick Grant Banting (1891.-1941.) i njegov student Charles Herbert Best izveli su prvu poznatu primjenu inzulina na životinji, psiću imenom Marjorie, koji je s odstranjenom gušteračom i uz primjenu ekstrakta pseće gušterače poživio 70 dana.
---
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Prvotni je inzulinski ekstrakt bio nečist pa je i kod Leonarda, a vjerojatno i kod Marjorie, izazvao alergijsku reakciju.
Stoga se, pod nadzorom profesora Johna Macleoda ,koji je bio šef odjela na kojemu se istraživanje provodilo i kasnije je podijelio Nobelovu nagradu s Bantingom, iako su mnogi smatrali da je više zaslužuje baš mladi Charles Best, u eksperiment uključio i kemičar James Collip.
On je osmislio metodu pročišćavanja inzulina do mjere u kojoj je mogao biti učestalo primjenjivan bez znatnijeg izazivanja alergijskih reakcija.
Leonard Thompson je pročišćeni inzulin dobio 12 dana kasnije i nastavio ga primati do kraja svog života, a umro je u dobi od 26 godina od upale pluća.
Iako je, nesumnjivo, šećerna bolest pridonijela slabljenju njegova imunosnog sustava pa time i preuranjenoj smrti, činjenica je da nije umro izravno od dijabetesa, kao svi koji su oboljeli prije njega, već od neke druge bolesti, ističe dr. Krnić.
Manje je poznato da su mnogi znanstvenici i ranije bili svjesni da postoji supstancija, danas je zovemo inzulin i radi se o bjelančevinskom hormonu, u gušterači koja regulira promet ugljikohidrata i pokušavali doći do rješenja problema i lijeka.
Spomenimo samo Minkowskog i von Mehringa koji nose velike zasluge u stvaranju podloge za otkriće inzulina.
Neki povjesničari medicine najveće zasluge pripisuju Amerikanki Lydiji DeWitt, a drugi Francuzu Eugeneu Gleyu.
Ipak, čini se da je najveća povijesna nepravda učinjena Rumunju Nicolaeu Paulescuu koji je svoje istraživanje, kojim se bavio potpuno neovisno o Bantingu i Bestu, započeo 1916. i, morajući ga prekinuti zbog Prvog svjetskog rata, objavio također 1921. godine.
Koliko su rasprave o zaslugama za otkriće inzulina bile žestoke dr. Krnić kao ilustraciju navodi činjenicu da je Banting, nezadovoljan zanemarivanjem Besta, uz kojeg je bio još jedan zaboravljeni student – Clark Noble, odlučio svoj dio Nobelove nagrade koju je dobio 1923. podijeliti s Bestom, a Macleod je, pak, svoj dio odlučio podijeliti s Collipom. Paulescu i Noble su službeno bili – zanemareni.
- Čije god zasluge bile najveće, ostaje činjenica da danas, 99 godina kasnije, milijuni ljudi diljem svijeta žive zahvaljujući inzulinu, a sam inzulin postoji u desecima oblika s različitim svojstvima i u različitim kombinacijama, postajući potpuno rutinsko sredstvo liječenja, kaže naš sugovornik.
Priča o inzulinu ujedno je savršen primjer kako u medicinskoj znanosti timski rad dovodi do revolucionarnih otkrića, što se pokazalo i u ovoj najnovijoj pandemiji i kreiranju cjepiva protiv koronavirusa gdje se na stotine timova znanstvenika povezalo u cilju pronalaska djelotvornog cjepiva.
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Na današnji dan, 11. siječnja, prije točno 99 godina primijenjena je prva inzulinska injekcija na ljudskom pacijentu – tada četrnaestogodišnjem Leonardu Thompsonu.
Time je započela nova, inzulinska era, razdoblje u kojemu bolesnici sa šećernom bolešću tipa 1, barem oni do kojih je terapija stigla na vrijeme, nisu više bili osuđeni na prilično brzu smrt, smrt koja je u pravilu nastupala unutar nekoliko mjeseci, a ponekad i tjedana, od postavljanja dijagnoze.
Ovaj događaj zabilježen je kao veliki datum u povijesti medicine, a kako je do otkrića došlo, podsjetio nas je doc. dr. sc. Mladen Krnić, endokrinolog dijabetolog na Klinici na unutarnje bolesti splitskog KBC-a.
- Nešto ranije, u ljeto 1921. godine, čuveni, tada još nepoznati kanadski znanstvenik Frederick Grant Banting (1891.-1941.) i njegov student Charles Herbert Best izveli su prvu poznatu primjenu inzulina na životinji, psiću imenom Marjorie, koji je s odstranjenom gušteračom i uz primjenu ekstrakta pseće gušterače poživio 70 dana.
---
---
Prvotni je inzulinski ekstrakt bio nečist pa je i kod Leonarda, a vjerojatno i kod Marjorie, izazvao alergijsku reakciju.
Stoga se, pod nadzorom profesora Johna Macleoda ,koji je bio šef odjela na kojemu se istraživanje provodilo i kasnije je podijelio Nobelovu nagradu s Bantingom, iako su mnogi smatrali da je više zaslužuje baš mladi Charles Best, u eksperiment uključio i kemičar James Collip.
On je osmislio metodu pročišćavanja inzulina do mjere u kojoj je mogao biti učestalo primjenjivan bez znatnijeg izazivanja alergijskih reakcija.
Leonard Thompson je pročišćeni inzulin dobio 12 dana kasnije i nastavio ga primati do kraja svog života, a umro je u dobi od 26 godina od upale pluća.
Iako je, nesumnjivo, šećerna bolest pridonijela slabljenju njegova imunosnog sustava pa time i preuranjenoj smrti, činjenica je da nije umro izravno od dijabetesa, kao svi koji su oboljeli prije njega, već od neke druge bolesti, ističe dr. Krnić.
Manje je poznato da su mnogi znanstvenici i ranije bili svjesni da postoji supstancija, danas je zovemo inzulin i radi se o bjelančevinskom hormonu, u gušterači koja regulira promet ugljikohidrata i pokušavali doći do rješenja problema i lijeka.
Spomenimo samo Minkowskog i von Mehringa koji nose velike zasluge u stvaranju podloge za otkriće inzulina.
Neki povjesničari medicine najveće zasluge pripisuju Amerikanki Lydiji DeWitt, a drugi Francuzu Eugeneu Gleyu.
Ipak, čini se da je najveća povijesna nepravda učinjena Rumunju Nicolaeu Paulescuu koji je svoje istraživanje, kojim se bavio potpuno neovisno o Bantingu i Bestu, započeo 1916. i, morajući ga prekinuti zbog Prvog svjetskog rata, objavio također 1921. godine.
Koliko su rasprave o zaslugama za otkriće inzulina bile žestoke dr. Krnić kao ilustraciju navodi činjenicu da je Banting, nezadovoljan zanemarivanjem Besta, uz kojeg je bio još jedan zaboravljeni student – Clark Noble, odlučio svoj dio Nobelove nagrade koju je dobio 1923. podijeliti s Bestom, a Macleod je, pak, svoj dio odlučio podijeliti s Collipom. Paulescu i Noble su službeno bili – zanemareni.
- Čije god zasluge bile najveće, ostaje činjenica da danas, 99 godina kasnije, milijuni ljudi diljem svijeta žive zahvaljujući inzulinu, a sam inzulin postoji u desecima oblika s različitim svojstvima i u različitim kombinacijama, postajući potpuno rutinsko sredstvo liječenja, kaže naš sugovornik.
Priča o inzulinu ujedno je savršen primjer kako u medicinskoj znanosti timski rad dovodi do revolucionarnih otkrića, što se pokazalo i u ovoj najnovijoj pandemiji i kreiranju cjepiva protiv koronavirusa gdje se na stotine timova znanstvenika povezalo u cilju pronalaska djelotvornog cjepiva.
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[alias] => no_index
)
[13] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 74
[name] => No-cache
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 16
[alias] => no_cache
)
[14] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 77
[name] => Don't show on the front page
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 17
[alias] => dont_show_on_the_front_page
)
[15] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 78
[name] => Related on bottom
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 18
[alias] => related_on_bottom
)
[16] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 79
[name] => Live button
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 19
[alias] => live_button
)
[25] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 87
[name] => Instant articles
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 28
[alias] => instant_articles
)
[26] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 91
[name] => S preporučuje
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 29
[alias] => s_preporucuje
)
[27] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 92
[name] => S voli
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 30
[alias] => s_voli
)
[28] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 93
[name] => Layout with three photos
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 31
[alias] => layout_with_three_photos
)
[29] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 94
[name] => Gallery in the article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 32
[alias] => gallery_in_the_article
)
[30] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 95
[name] => Required views
[value] => 0
[type] => textfield
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 33
[alias] => required_views
)
)
16. svibanj 2024 21:50
