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[title] => Dnevni boravak, učionica i kafić, gdje ćete se najprije zaraziti Covidom-19? Za smanjenja rizika najvažnije je stalno provjetravati prostoriju
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Najveće šanse da se zarazimo koronavirusom imamo tijekom boravka u zatvorenom prostoru, ali je neizvedivo stalno biti vani posebno uz dolazak hladnijeg vremena. Grupa znanstvenika tako je napravila analizu širenja virusa u različitim situacijama te pokušala uvidjeti što točno smanjuje rizik od zaraze za španjolski časopis El Pais.
Okupljanje u dnevnom boravku
Šest ljudi nalazi se u dnevnom boravku u kući, od toga je jedan od njih zaražen. Otprilike 31% epidemija koronavirusa zabilježenih u Španjolskoj uzrokovano je ovakvim okupljanjima, uglavnom između obitelji i prijatelja.
Neovisno o tome pridržavaju li se sigurne udaljenosti od dva metra, ako šestero ljudi provede četiri sata zajedno u glasnom razgovoru, bez nošenja maske za lice u sobi bez ventilacije, svih pet će ih se zaraziti.
Ako se nose maske za lice, četiri osobe su u opasnosti od zaraze. Samo maske neće spriječiti infekciju prilikom produljenog izlaganja.
Rizik od infekcije svodi se na ispod jednog kada grupa koristi maske za lice, skrati duljine okupljanja za pola i prozrači prostor koji koristi.
Druženje u kafiću
Kafići i klubovi sami po sebi su opasniji jer u njima boravi više osoba koje se može potencijalno zaraziti.
U istraživanju je primjer bara u kojemu je kapacitet smanjen na 50%. U njemu se nalazi 15 gostiju i tri člana osoblja. Prozori su zatvoreni i nema mehaničke ventilacije. U najgorem slučaju, ako se ne poduzmu mjere, 14 gostiju će se zaraziti nakon četiri sata.
Ako se maske dosljedno koriste, rizik od infekcije pada na osam novih slučajeva.
Ako se prostorije provjetravaju, što se može učiniti s dobrom klima uređajem ili ventilacijskim sustavom, a vrijeme provedeno u baru se skrati, postoji samo rizik da jedna osoba bude zaražena.
Učionica
Škole su bez obzira rjeđe izvor zaraze, a situacija uvelike varira ovisno o nultom pacijentu. Ako je učitelj prvi koji je bolestan zarazit će više ljudi nego ako je riječ o učeniku. Učitelji govore više i glasnije da ih svi čuju i kreću se od učenika do učenika.
Najopasniji scenarij je učionica bez ventilacije, u kojoj je učitelj nulti pacijent. Ako učenici provedu dva sata u učionici sa zaraženim učiteljem, bez poduzimanja bilo kakvih mjera za suzbijanje broja aerosola, postoji rizik da se do 12 učenika može zaraziti.
Ako svi nose masku za lice, broj učenika koji bi se mogli zaraziti pada na pet. U stvarnim je situacijama primijećeno da bi se bilo koji učenik mogao zaraziti bez obzira na njihovu blizinu učitelju jer se aerosoli nasumično raspoređuju po neprozračenoj sobi.
Ako se soba tijekom predavanja prozrači svježim zrakom ili mehanički,ventilacijskim sustavom, a nastava se zaustavi nakon sat vremena kako bi se zrak potpuno osvježio, rizik dramatično pada.
Širenje aerosola
Dok ljudi podsvjesno stalno peru ruke nakon dodirivanja površina po zatvorenom prostoru ispostavlja se da je zaraza preko kontaminiranje površine neusporedivo teža od udisanja aerosola.
Sitne kapljice koje izbacujemo sok dišemo i govorimo pojačavaju se do 50 puta ako govorimo glasno nego kada šutimo. Zbog toga su maske neophodne. Ali ovo istraživanje pokazuje da su nedovoljne i zato je ključno provjetravati prostor jer se onda aerosoli puno teže šire.
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Najveće šanse da se zarazimo koronavirusom imamo tijekom boravka u zatvorenom prostoru, ali je neizvedivo stalno biti vani posebno uz dolazak hladnijeg vremena. Grupa znanstvenika tako je napravila analizu širenja virusa u različitim situacijama te pokušala uvidjeti što točno smanjuje rizik od zaraze za španjolski časopis El Pais.
Okupljanje u dnevnom boravku
Šest ljudi nalazi se u dnevnom boravku u kući, od toga je jedan od njih zaražen. Otprilike 31% epidemija koronavirusa zabilježenih u Španjolskoj uzrokovano je ovakvim okupljanjima, uglavnom između obitelji i prijatelja.
Neovisno o tome pridržavaju li se sigurne udaljenosti od dva metra, ako šestero ljudi provede četiri sata zajedno u glasnom razgovoru, bez nošenja maske za lice u sobi bez ventilacije, svih pet će ih se zaraziti.
Ako se nose maske za lice, četiri osobe su u opasnosti od zaraze. Samo maske neće spriječiti infekciju prilikom produljenog izlaganja.
Rizik od infekcije svodi se na ispod jednog kada grupa koristi maske za lice, skrati duljine okupljanja za pola i prozrači prostor koji koristi.
Druženje u kafiću
Kafići i klubovi sami po sebi su opasniji jer u njima boravi više osoba koje se može potencijalno zaraziti.
U istraživanju je primjer bara u kojemu je kapacitet smanjen na 50%. U njemu se nalazi 15 gostiju i tri člana osoblja. Prozori su zatvoreni i nema mehaničke ventilacije. U najgorem slučaju, ako se ne poduzmu mjere, 14 gostiju će se zaraziti nakon četiri sata.
Ako se maske dosljedno koriste, rizik od infekcije pada na osam novih slučajeva.
Ako se prostorije provjetravaju, što se može učiniti s dobrom klima uređajem ili ventilacijskim sustavom, a vrijeme provedeno u baru se skrati, postoji samo rizik da jedna osoba bude zaražena.
Učionica
Škole su bez obzira rjeđe izvor zaraze, a situacija uvelike varira ovisno o nultom pacijentu. Ako je učitelj prvi koji je bolestan zarazit će više ljudi nego ako je riječ o učeniku. Učitelji govore više i glasnije da ih svi čuju i kreću se od učenika do učenika.
Najopasniji scenarij je učionica bez ventilacije, u kojoj je učitelj nulti pacijent. Ako učenici provedu dva sata u učionici sa zaraženim učiteljem, bez poduzimanja bilo kakvih mjera za suzbijanje broja aerosola, postoji rizik da se do 12 učenika može zaraziti.
Ako svi nose masku za lice, broj učenika koji bi se mogli zaraziti pada na pet. U stvarnim je situacijama primijećeno da bi se bilo koji učenik mogao zaraziti bez obzira na njihovu blizinu učitelju jer se aerosoli nasumično raspoređuju po neprozračenoj sobi.
Ako se soba tijekom predavanja prozrači svježim zrakom ili mehanički,ventilacijskim sustavom, a nastava se zaustavi nakon sat vremena kako bi se zrak potpuno osvježio, rizik dramatično pada.
Širenje aerosola
Dok ljudi podsvjesno stalno peru ruke nakon dodirivanja površina po zatvorenom prostoru ispostavlja se da je zaraza preko kontaminiranje površine neusporedivo teža od udisanja aerosola.
Sitne kapljice koje izbacujemo sok dišemo i govorimo pojačavaju se do 50 puta ako govorimo glasno nego kada šutimo. Zbog toga su maske neophodne. Ali ovo istraživanje pokazuje da su nedovoljne i zato je ključno provjetravati prostor jer se onda aerosoli puno teže šire.
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15. svibanj 2024 15:47
